Allergies are your body’s reaction to a substance it views as a harmful “invader.” For example, coming into contact with what is normally a harmless substance, such as pollen, might cause your immune system (your body’s defense system) to react. Substances that cause these reactions are called allergens. Allergies can’t be cured. One can treat an allergic reaction so that it can be controlled using a combination of avoidance measures and medications, as well as allergen immunotherapy in properly selected cases.

Most people with allergies get only mild to moderate symptoms, but bad cases can lead to anaphylaxis. It’s a serious situation and can put your body into shock. Food, medications, insect bites, or latex are the most likely causes. A second anaphylactic episode can happen up to 12 hours after the first one. The symptoms of anaphylaxis can come on suddenly. They can quickly go from a mild rash or runny nose to serious problems such as a hard time breathing, tightness in the throat, hives or swelling, nausea or vomiting, and fainting or dizziness. Some people can get a rapid pulse or their heart will stop beating.

To treat an allergic reaction for mild to moderate allergic reactions, Antihistamines and decongestants can help treat certain symptoms, as can nasal sprays. If you have an allergic-type asthma, your doctor might also prescribe an inhaler to ease attacks. Or they may inject a special antibody to manage symptoms. If you don’t get enough relief by avoiding your allergens and using medications, your doctor may want to give you allergy shots. This type of treatment is called immunotherapy, and it can be effective for hay fever and allergic asthma.

Avoid contact. It might sound obvious, but it’s worth a reminder. You can’t use or touch what triggers your allergy.

Chill out. A cool compress or shower can help calm a fiery rash. Gently pat dry and then moisturize.

Soak it. Colloidal oatmeal is oatmeal ground to a powder, so it mixes well with water. It can calm inflamed skin for some people. But other folks can have reactions to it. To try it, use lukewarm water. If it’s too hot, it can irritate and dry your skin.

Add anti-itch cream. Over-the-counter hydrocortisone or calamine lotion may relieve itching.

Go baggy. Don’t wear tight clothes. They can irritate your rash. Play it loose and cool with breathable fabrics like cotton.

For severe symptoms, try a damp dressing. First find a soft cotton piece of clothing, like a long-sleeve T-shirt or long underwear. Soak it in water, wring it out, and then put it on. Wear something over it that’s snug, but not too tight.