Intensive care units have had orthopedic surgery patients make up a large and increasing portion of the population. They develop unique complications, and managing them necessitates knowledge of preoperative comorbidities, intraoperative management, and early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications. The most effective routes to improving outcomes in this patient population are prevention and early detection of these complications. Multiple trauma is the most common cause for a patient’s admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with orthopedic problems. Patients with serious comorbidities undertaking elective or emergency orthopedic operations are among the other reasons for admission. The management interests of these two groups of patients are often at odds.

Studies have shown that ICU mortality rates following orthopedic procedures are significantly lower than those following other procedures, which are typically associated with higher rates of complications and deaths. However, serious attempts should be made to reduce the occurrence of complications that could exacerbate the pressures associated with such situations. To do this, identifying potential risk factors is critical to reducing the burden. The prevalence of comorbidities, the complexity of the operation, and receiving large quantities of blood transfusion prior to the procedure can all be important factors in the occurrence of serious complications and death in the elderly.  Some complications like cardiovascular, cerebral, spinal, pulmonary, and renal disorders. Eliminating these disorders would require more effort for eliminating pain, applying appropriate doses of anesthetics, antibiotics, and beta-blockers.

Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are at risk for a variety of complications, including pulmonary complications from scoliosis surgery, embolic complications from joint arthroplasty, and complications from the use of opioids and sedatives in the elderly. Transfusion-related complications, such as transfusion-related acute lung injury and transfusion-associated circulatory overload, are also a risk for them. Specific treatment techniques for these difficult patients have been established.